Algeria

Decolonisation as a revolutionary concept which means "undoing colonialism"  has impacted Afrika.  It is largely based on the philosophy of Frantz Fanon who was born in Martinique on July 25 1925. His thoughts are the roots of the thinking of many on the reclamation of cultures amd freedp, after the experience of colonisation. Born in Martinique in the Carribeans, Frantz Fanon, the author of The Wretched of the Earth, greatly supported Algerian Liberation Front. According to Wikipedia and many other sources, Fanon is known as a radical existential humanist thinker on the issue of decolonization ... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Angola

http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=5622

Repubilika ya Ngola in Kimbundu and Kingola is special. Not many countries have colonial sons who rose against their own oppressive folk to fight for freedom. The life of Antonion Jacinto, a poet and politician tells a strong story of what it means to express oneself in spite of the odds. The online encyclopædia Britanica tells us that : "António Jacinto,  pseudonym of  Orlando Tavora (born Sept. 28, 1924, São Paulo de Luanda, Portuguese West Africa [now Luanda, Angola]—died June 23, 1991, Lisbon, Port.), white Angolan poet, short-story writer, and cabinet minister in his country’s first postwar <a class="bps-event-selector bps-topic-link" href="http://www.britannica.com/EB... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Benin

http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=121&Itemid=36

Once known as Dahomey, Benin lies in West Africa and is bordered by Togo to the west, Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. To the east lies Nigeria. Benin has a population of approximately 9.05 million who live mainly on the country’s small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo. Coutnou is the seat of government.

Botswana

http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Botswana.pdf

The people of Botswana in are in plural called "Batswana" and in singular Motswana. Botswana was formerly known as Bechuanaland and it current name Botswana was adapted after the country became independent on 30 Sept 1966. Most of Botswana is covered by the Kalahari Desert. Botswana is situated in Southern Africa with Namibia to the west north, Zimbabwe to the North east and Zambia with a short poorly defined border to the north. South Africa lies in Botswana's south and south east. Botswana has a population of 2 million people. Botswana's economy is one of the fastest growing in Africa and in the world. Writing as an art form has existed in Botswana for a long while from the rock painting era especially in the Tsodilo Hills known to be 20,000 years old. Botswana has distinguished writ... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Burkina Faso

http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_view&amp;gid=120&amp;Itemid=36

Burkina Faso Was formerly known as The Upper Volta. President Thomas Sankara re-named it Burkina Faso which means the house of people of integrity in both Moore and Dioula, the two main local languages. A land locked country, Burkina is bordered by Ivory Coast to the southwest, Benin to the Southeast, Niger to the east, and Togo and Ghana to the south and Mali to the north. The population of the country is 16 000 000. Burkinabe is what the people of Burkina Faso are called. They are said to have populated the area between 14 000 and 5 000 BC in the northwestern region of the country. In 1896, Burkina Faso became a French protectorate. In 1960, the country gained independence. There are 69 languages in Burkina Faso.... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Burundi

http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Constiution_de_Burundi_(French).pdf

In the area of the Great Lakes of Africa, which includes the countries which are the geographical locations of Lake Victoria, Tanzania and Lake Malawi lies landlocked Burundi. Burundi is a neighbor of Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and South and the DRC to the west. The population of Burundi is over 10 million and it the country is only 28, 000 km² with an estimated population of over 10,000,000. Its capital is Bujumbura. The people of Burundi have been since the countries formation the Twa, Tutsi and Hutu. These peoples are also found in Rwanda. Burundi was ruled as a kingdom by the Tutsi for over two hundred years. Germany and Belgium occupied the region at the beginning of the 20th Century, when it was known as Rwanda-Urundi a European colony. The... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Cameroon

http://www.asgp.info/Resources/Data/Documents/HPMOEWVPHSZPHGXVHYOUSSTWPSYJWI.pdf

Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon (French: République du Cameroun), is in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the North-west; Chad to the north-east; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Bonny, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. The country is called "Africa in miniature" for its geological and cultural diversity. Natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. The highest point is Mount Cameroon in the southwest, and the largest cities are Douala, Yaoundé, and Garoua. Cameroon is home to over 200 different linguistic groups. The country ... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Cape Verde Islands

http://www.google.no/search?aq=0&amp;oq=constitution+of+Cape&amp;sugexp=chrome,mod=8&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;q=constitution+of+cape+verde

Off the west coast of Africa -570 km on the Atlantic- lies Cape Verde which means the green cape in spite of the fact that Cape Verde even being an island is not very green due to rainfall patterns. It is an archipelago of ten islands. The islands, cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 km sq. The name Verde means green in Portuguese ( and Spanish) Cap Vert lies off the Senegalese Coast and means the same in French. It is a peninsula. Cabo Verde is Portuguese name for Cape Verde. The Portuguese explorer !6th Century, Diniz Dias and brother of Vasco Da Gama named the Cape Verde for the first time when he saw it... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Central African Republic

http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_view&amp;gid=126&amp;Itemid=27

Central African Republic (CAR) covers an area of 620 000 kilometers squared. Her population is estimated at about 4.4 million. Bangui is the capital.The first multi-party democratic elections were held in 1993 with Ange-Félix Patassé to power. He was overthrown in 2003 by French-backed General François Bozizé, who won an election in 2005. Unpaid workers in the public sector went on strikes in 2007 and forced his resignation. Faustin-Archange Touadéra, was named Prime Minister in January 2008. Rich in diamonds, gold and uranium the people of this country remain poor because of its management and the usual competition which always leaves the ordinary person suffering. There are 71 l... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Chad

http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_view&amp;gid=127&amp;Itemid=2

Chad is mostly a desert country. It is named after Lake Chad, the only large water body in the country. It is divided into several regions with a desert zone to the North, an arid middle and the more fertile Sudanese Savanna zone in the south. It lies landlocked and the desert climate isolates Chad. The capital of Chad is N'Djamena which was formerly known as Fort-Lamy. Chadians are Islamic, Christian and traditional believers. To the south of Chad is the border with the Central Republic of Africa, Cameroon lies southwest, Nigeria and Niger to the west and Libya to the north. Chad shares a border with the troubled Sudanese Darfur region. The Dafur crisis has been shared and it has threatened the stability of Chad... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Congo

http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/cf00000_.ht

The Republic of the Congo (known in KiKongo as Repubilika ya Kongo and in Lingala as Republiki ya Kongo) was in the past referred to as Congo-Brazzaville. The country lies in Central Africa. It is bordered by the Central African Republic to the north, Gabon and Cameroon to the west and the DRC formerly known as Zaire - during the Mobotu Presidency- to the east. Congo is also bordered by province of Kabinda and and the Gulf of Guinea. "(C) Kabinda, is an exclave and province of Angola, a status that has been disputed by many political organizations in the territory. The province... is divided into four municipalities - Belize, Buco Zau, Cabinda and Landana". The Congo region is dominated by Bantu-speaking peoples who engage in trade in the Congo Basin and other areas. DRC was formerly a French colony and... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Democratic Republic of the Congo

The beauty of music, both lyrics and soft notes is legendary here. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVJN1u4VWj4&amp;feature=relmfu And ...Tabuley Rochereau famous in the 70s is asking questions about why a girl was abused - He gets no answer but "Go and ask Mayaay..."  http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;v=Cboj9LPHbOk#! Note the comments are in French and English. Among the people who comment there are speakers of the language. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAbqCRV2WCo&amp;feature=related

The DRC is the 12th largest country in the world. It has a population of nearly 71 million. The country has a short Atlantic coastline measuring 40 km. The DRC ... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Djibouti

http://www.pogar.org/publications/other/constitutions/dj-constitution-92-e.pdf

In the past Djibouti  was known as French Somaliland and also Obock. Right in the Horn of Africa, Djibouti is bordered by The Red Sea and the Gulf of Eden to the East, Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia to the west and south and Somalia to the south east. Djibouti is sparsely populated, with almost a million inhabitants only. The predominant religion of Djibouti is Islam. IN 1967, the country changed its name to Afars and Issas after some new treaties with France. When in 1977, she became independent, the country went on to use the name The Repulic of Djibouti. Djibouti is the main city of the country. In 1977, Djibouti joined the United Nations. Djibouti is an independent nation but she retains deep French relations. From France, Djibouti receives economi... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Egypt

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http://www.egypt.gov.eg/english/laws/constitution/default.aspx

Ancient Egypt is well known. Egypt to day has been in the limelight in its search for the growth  of democratic processes. The Arab Spring saw to the ouster of Hosni Mubarak. Egypt PEN writers have been active in not only envisaging a democratic country but a free continent too. Tahrir Square became a symbol for the possibility of people determining their course in life. Iqbal Baraka, a member of PEN here calls on writers in Africa to get to know one another, to read each other's works, to unite. 

Hieroglyphic scripts are the ear... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Equatorial Guinea

http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Equatorial%20Guinea%20Constitution.pdf

Equatorial Guinea was known initially as Formosa, the beautiful one but became Spanish Guinea as the only Spanish colony on the continent. The country is situated south of the equator. Equatorial Guinea has a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea and to the north is bordered by Cameroon and Gabon to the south and east. The country is 28,000 square kilometres and one of the smallest on the continent with a population of 650, 702. It is a beautiful country with the bounty of oil and has a high per capita income, as high as France’s in the past. It has the 28th largest Gross Domestic Product. However, most of the population lives in poverty and due to a history of dictatorial management, over a third of Guineans left the country to live mainly in Spain, Latin America and... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Eritrea

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/cafrad/unpan004654.pdf

Eritrea in the same way as the Erythrean sea took its name from a Greek name which means “red land”. To the west of Eritrea is Sudan, Ethiopia to the south and Djibouti to the southeast. Eritrea has an extensive Red Sea coastline to the east and directly across are Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Eritrea is approximately 11 600 kilometers squared. The population is 6 million. The US had imposed a federation of Eritrea and Ethiopia in 1952 causing a 30 year war with Eritrea gaining back her independence in 1993. The capital of Eritrea is Asmara. Freedom of Expression organization rate Eritrea poorly. There are 13 languages in Asmara. One has no living speakers. The literacy rate is 37%

Ethiopia

Ethiopia has one of the oldest alphabets of the world. However, the country's freedom of expression as well as other human rights have had a bad record for many years. Ethiopia's political freedom has been poor too with dictators often at the helm.  Ethiopia has an ancient and long history of education alongside which freedom of expression should flourish as well as other human rights. This freedom is guaranteed in the constitution's Article 28 of Part 2: http://www.eueom.eu/files/dmfile/ethiopian-constitution-1994_en.pdf

<img alt="addis abeba university" src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/the_maktaba_website/data/6/content/addis_abeba_university_400x235.jpg?1334562433" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bot... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Gabon

Gabon shares borders with Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, and to the south and east with the Republic of the Congo. To the west is the Gulf of Guinea. The population of Gabon is 1 500 000 and she covers an area of about 270 000 kilometers squared. Libreville is the capital city. Gabon gained independence from France in 1960. Gabon has ushered in certain constitutional reforms since then. It is one of the most prosperous countries of Africa with a high Human Development Index and the third highest per capita income after Botswana and Equatorial Guinea.  

http://... (learn more by clicking on the map)

This constitution was passed by 92% of Ghanians http://www.judicial.gov.gh/constitution/second_schedule/home.htm

Ghana means“warrior king”. This country is respected for Kwame Nkurumah the first president of the Republic of Ghana, was a composed and focused leader. He was commited to intellectual thoughts on PAN Africanism. Ghana is today one of the best countries with regard to peace and development. Ghana is located in West Africa. It shares borders with Côte d'Ivoire to the West, Gulf of Guinea to the south, Burkina Faso to the north and Togo to the east. Akan kingdoms, Ashanti Empire, the Akwamu, the Akyem, the Bonoman, the Denkyira, and the Fante inhabited the land. Non-Akan states created by the Ga and Ewe also existed as did states by the Gonja, Dagomba and others. Prior to contact with Europeans trade between the Akan ... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Guinea

Guinea was formerly known as French Guinea and today it is sometimes called Guinea Conakry so that it is not mixed up with its northerly neighbour Guinea-Bissau. Guinea has 25 languages. Conakry is the capital of Guinea. Other cities include: Nzérékoré, Labe Kindia, Mamou, Kankan Boke, and Guéckédou. Guinea is in West Africa. It has a population of 10 million people. Guinea is only 246,000 kilometers squared. It forms a crescent by curving from its western border the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the south. Guinea Bissau, Senegal and Mali lie to her north. To the south are Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d'Ivoire. The mouth of the Niger River is in Guinea. The literacy rate of Guinea is very low being 18.1% for females and 29% for males. Many children in Guinea do not go to school at all although Primary School is compulsory for 8 years. Some start very late and drop out fast. Girls are kept at h... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Guinea-Bissau

http://www.icrc.org/ihl-nat.nsf/0/8ff8cad34667b579c1257083002a6fa8/$file/constitution%20guinea%20bissau.do

"The Republic Furthermore, the Constitution guarantees the protection of private property (Art.12 § c), the right to freedom of expression and freedom of the press (Arts. 51 & 56), which can be extended to the intellectual property rights."

Guinea-Bissau in Portuguese República da Guiné-Bissau is in West Africa. Guinea Bissau  is b... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Ivory Coast

http://www.adh-geneva.ch/RULAC/pdf_state/Consitution.pdf

Cote d’Ivoire, has an area of 322,462 square kilometers. It borders Burkina Faso and Mali to the north, Ghana, Guinea Conakry and Liberia ot the west. The Gulf of Guinea is the country's base to the south. The population of Côte d'Ivoire's was at 20,617,068 in 2009. Ivory Coast became a French colony after the Scramble for Africa in 1884 The official language is French. Boule. Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin and Cebaara Senufo are local languages that are widely used.

<a href="http://PREAMBLE The People of Côte d’Ivoire, Conscious of their liberty and national identity, of their responsibility before history and humanity; Conscious of their ethnic, cultural and religious diversity, and desirous of building one nation unified in solidarity and pr... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Kenya

PEN Kenya has been active in the defenceof freedom of expression years before the organisation could be registered.http://www.penkenya.com/ . After President Moi's exit in 2002, PEN Kenya was registered in 2003. The test on Kenyatta's government commitment to freedom of expression was a paper written in Kiswahili and titled "Kenya Twendapi" by Abdulatif Abdalla, a renown poet. A literal translation of the title in English, "Kenya, where are we headed to?" In Kiswahili, that title conveys deep concern and is almost in tragic apprehension. Kenyatta detained the author. In prison, Abdulatif Abadalla wrote a... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Lesotho

Lesotho is surrounded on all sides by South Africa. She is a small country about 30,000 kilometers squared. She is like a small island in the continent. Her population is 2 067 000. The name of the country means the land of Sotho speakers. Maseru is the capital of Lesotho.

http://library2.parliament.go.th/giventake/content_cons/lesotho.pdf Chapter II article 14  Freedom of expression 

Liberia

http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=207595

Under Chap III, Fundamental rights, Freedom of Expression is upheld. "Article 15 

At first named Monrovia and after the first president of America George Monroe, Liberia is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea Conakry to the north and Ivory Coast to the east. Liberia has a long coastline. Liberia covers an area of 111,369 kilometers squared. The country which is mainly forest and grasslands is sparsely populated w... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Libya

Freedom of Expression was guaranteed in the 1969 Constitution: Article 13 Expression http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/cafrad/unpan004643.pdf Freedom of Opinion is guaranteed within the limits of public interest and the  principles of the Revolution.  Libya is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast and to the south Chad and Niger. Tunisia and Algeria are to the west of Libya. Tripoli is the capital of Libya. The country was led by Muammar Gadafi for 42 years. Libya has a population of 6.4 million people. The large oil reserves of Libya are said to contain the best oil in the world. After the ouster and death of Muammar Gadafi Libya has been led by the National Transitional Council. It is expected that a representative legislature will follow the revo... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Madagascar

Article 10  Expression, Association, Assembly, Movement, Religion

Freedom of opinion and expression, communication, press, association, assembly, travel, conscience, and religion shall be guaranteed to all and may be limited only in respect of the rights and liberties of others and of the necessity to safeguard public order.

http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ma00000_.html

Fomerly known as Malagasy, Madagascar or Madagasikara in Malagasy, Madagascar is an archipelago off the Southern African coast on the Indian Ocean. The island is 592,800 kilometers sq. It is the fourth-largest island in the world. The early people of Madagascar were from Borneo and mainland Africa. In time they were joined by Arabs, Malay, Javanese, Indian and French people. The capital of Madagascar is Antananarivo. The populat... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Malawi

 "The constitution of Malawi defends Freedom of Expression in Article 35, Chapter IV, Human Rights: 35.  Every person shall have the right to freedom of expression." http://www.icrc.org/ihl-nat.nsf/162d151af444ded44125673e00508141/4953f2286ef1f7c2c1257129003696f4/$FILE/Constitution%20Malawi%20-%20EN.pdf Malawi is one of the few African nations that have a woman president. Joyce Banda became president of Malawi in 2012, in accordance with a constitutional provision following the demise of Mbingu Wa Mutharika who was elected in 2004. The country follows its laws. An offer for Malawi to host an AU meeting which was to be attended by Omar Al Bashir was rejected since the latter has an arrest warrant from the International Criminal Court, ICC.The name Malawi comes fr... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Mali

This is the land where griots orally kept the treasure trove of history for years. The people were blessed listeningto it. The story of Sundiata of Old mali or Sogolon Djata was learned early in Kenya and other countries of Africa. Mali has 56 languages and of these, one has no mother tongue speakers.

Article 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mali, availed only in French and English guarantees freedom of expression. http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Mali.pdf

Mali borders Algeria on the north, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire to the south, Niger to the east, Guinea on the south-west and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Mali has a population of 14. 5 million. The capital is Bamako. Much of the north of Mali is in the Sahara desert. France made the country her colony. In 1960 Mali achieved her independence. The history of the kingdom o... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Mauritania

http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/constitution_english_2006.pdf

Mauritania is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Western Sahara in the north. Algeria to the north east and Mali to the east and Senegal to the southwest. There was an ancient kingdom of Mauritania which became a province of the Roman Empire. Today’s Mauritania spreads southwards beyond where the kingdom was. Nouakchott is the capital of Mauritania and it is on the Atlantic coast. The number of individual languages listed for Mauritania is 6. Of those, all are living languages. In the preamble of the Constitution of Mauritania, fundamental freedoms are defended. The constitution is only available in English and French.

Trusting in the omnipotence of Allah, the Mauritanian people proclaims its will to guarantee the integrity of its territory, its indepe... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Morocco

The constitution of The Kingdom of Morrocco is online in Arabic, English and French http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=6034

Morocco's population is over 35 million. The country covers  710,850 km². Morocco primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara. It is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya- These are countries which share share cultural, historical and linguistic ties and have cast themselves as a block quite detached from their neighbours such as Mali, Chad, Sudan and Niger which do share elements of culture and history with them. This has been evident in the context of the Arab Spring which started in 2011.  Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King exercises vast executive powers, including the possibility of dissolving the parlia... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Mozambique

Paulina Chiziane is a writer and politician. She writes novels and short stories in Portuguese-

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulina_Chiziane Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, lies in South Eastern Africa. She is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest. Zimbabwe lies to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. The capital city is Maputo, formerly known as Lourenço Marques. Other cities in the country are Beira and Quelimane which along with the towns along the coastline, have ... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Namibia

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/cafrad/unpan002607.pdf

Namibia is bordered by Angola, and Zambia to the North, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. Namibia gained independence from South Africa in 1990 following the Namibian War of Independence. Windhoek is the capital of Namibia. With the Berlin Conference of 1884, Namibia became an Imperial Protectorate and remained a German colony. At the end of the First World War, Namibia was put under South Africa by the League of Nations, today's UN.  It fell under the apartheid policy from 1948. Namibia has a population of 2.1 million people. Coming after Mongolia, Namibia is the second least sparsely populated country in the world. The number of individual languages listed for Namibia is 28. Of those, al... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Niger

http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Niger.pdf

Niger is named after the Niger River. It borders Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Nigeria and Benin to the south, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1 270 000 kilometers squared making it the largest nation in West Africa. More than 80 percent of its land surface area is the Sahara desert. The population is 15 000 000 and lives mainly in the south and the west of the country. Niamey is the capital and it is in the south west region of Niger.Niger is landlocked and disadvantaged by hostile desert conditions. The peoples that make the population have long and diverse histories and this has been exploited against country’s governance and development. Niger has had three stints of military rule after coups. Access to education is under tough conditions in N... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Nigeria

http://www.worldstatesmen.org/nigeria_const1960.pdf

Nigeria is in West Africa and shares borders with Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. 9000 BCE is the year said to mark human habitation in Nigeria. Wikipedia- “The area around the Benue and Cross River is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BCE and the 2nd millennium. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined by Flora Shaw, the future wife of Baron Lugard, a British colonial administrator, in the late 19th century.” In The Vanguard News, a cyberscpace blogger is questioning Nigeria’s literary output. Nigeria’s litera... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Rwanda

http://www.rwandahope.com/constitution.pdf

Rwanda or in Kinyarwanda, 'Repubulika y'u Rwanda' is in Central Eastern Africa and an immediate neighbour of Burundi both in Geography and history. The peoples of the two countries share language and culture. Her other neighbours are Uganda, Tanzania and the DRC. The Kingdom of Rwanda dominated from the mid-eighteenth century. The Tutsi Kings conquering others militarily, centralising power, and later enacting anti-Hutu policies Formerly, French was the official language of Rwanda which was colonized by both Germany and Belgium but now the country has chosen English. Germany colonised Rwanda after the Scramble for Africa. Belgium invaded Rwanda during the first World War. Both these European nations perpetuated the pro-Tutsi policy for years. In 1959 the Hutu who felt marginalised revolted and massacred a large number of... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Sao Tome and Principe

http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/171633.pdf

São Tomé and Príncipe lie off the coast of Central Africa respectively. Principe and São Tomé are the two islands that make up the country. The distance between them is 142 km. Sao Tome means Saint Thomas, a name given to the island by the Portuguese because they arrived on the island on the day of his commemoration. The population of Sao Tome is 163 000. The country is small and only larger than the Seychelles in Africa. There are four languages spoken in São Tomé. The main cities are São Tomé, Neves and Santo Amaro, Neves and Santana.

Senegal

http://www.gouv.sn/spip.php?rubrique17/

Senegal is named after Sénégal River. The etymology of the name of the country is contested.  David Boilat in the 19th Century proposed that this name means “Our canoe” in Wolof which would be this phrase: suñu gaal, which means "our canoe-"  Like many places in Africa, the naming of countries, mountains, rivers came to be known to the West through the eyes of westners so that in some names are said to be a result of misprounciations by the visitors. Senegal and not Sunugaal. Some also believe that the word "Senegal" comes from two Serer words: "Sene" Supreme deity and a people called Rog Sene. In Serer Religion, the River is sacred and offerings are made to it. Everything is sacred and everything is assigned to the Supreme Deity. Senegal impresses one with its frien... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Seychelles

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_127610.pdf

Seychelles is formed by 115 islands and is an archipelago. The country lies in the Indian Ocean, some 1,500 kilometres from East of Africa. It lies northeast of Madagascar. It is bordered by Zanzibar lies to the west and Mauritius to the south. Reunion, not Africa, lies to the south and the Comoros to the southwest. Seychelles is the smallest African country with only a population of 86 525. She ranks highest Human Development Index in Africa. Three languages are spoken in the Seychelles, namely: Seychellois Creole, English and French.

Sierra Leone

http://www.dioceseofmakeni.com/MAKENI%20dvd/diocese%20of%20makeni%20website/JPHRC/JPHRC%20about%20us/constitution.pdf

Sierra Leone is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, the Atlantic to the west and southwest. Liberia lies to the southeast of Sierra Leone a country that covers a total area of 71 740 km2. The population is 5.4 and 6.4 million. According to a Wikipedia article, Sierra Leone is ranked as one of the most religiously tolerant nations in the world. People are often married across tribal and religious divides. Muslims and Christians collaborate and interact with each other peacefully. Religious violence is very rare in the country. Between 1991 and 2002 the Sierra Leone had a civil war that left more than 50,000 people dead. Sierra Leone has 25 languages. Of those, 24 are living langua... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Somalia

In antiquity, Somalia was an important centre for commerce the world. Indeed the people of Somalia are recognized in the Horn of Africa and the eastern African region as formidable traders. Even as a failed state, Somalia makes money. The country’s economy thrives on telecommunication, livestock and money remittances from the diaspora Somali who are in vast numbers all over the world. Somali creative writers are active and they have seven centres of PEN for the defence of Freedom of Expression in different parts of the world.  http://www.somaliauthors.com/index.html.The fabled land of Puntland, or the land of God, was mythically located in Somalia. Yet S... (learn more by clicking on the map)

South Africa

South Africa is the richest country in Africa and the world’s 3rd. South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.The history of South Africa is marked deeply by the prolonged struggle for freedom from Apartheid (legalize... (learn more by clicking on the map)

South Sudan

South Sudan is a new country (9 July 2011) after a split with north Sudan. South Sudan borders Ethiopia to the East, Kenya to the southeast,  the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda and the Central Republic of Africa to the west. Languages of both the Sudans are 142. Nine of these have no speakers.  Of the 133 languages spoken in Sudan, and each language means an ethnic group, the powerful people of Sudan, from ministers to drivers were overwhelmingly from three ethnic groups from an area north of Khartoum. The Black Book. Not many Sudanese authors were publicised in languages other than Arabic. 

 From South Sudan, Mokotiyang Renet, meaning 'born at night' is known to many as writer and critic Tab... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Sudan

http://www.sudanembassy.ca/Docs/THE%20CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20THE%20SUDAN%201998.pdf

Sudan is a neighbor of Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east and South Sudan to the South. To the South west she shares borders with the Central African Republic and Chad to the west and Libya to the north west. The Nile flows through the middle of the country. Sudan shares ancient history with Egypt and other lands. In 1955 -1972, Sudan had war resulting from conflicts between the Muslim Arab and Arabized northern Sudanese and the people of the south most of whom are Christians. There was a second Sudanese war in 1983. The government of Sudan before the split had always been based in Khartoum. Sudan means land of the black people but it is the north that permanently opp... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Swaziland

Swaziland is bordered by Mozambique to the east and north , south and west by south Africa. The other names of the country are Swatini and Ngwane. The country is named after Mswati II and the people are called the people of Swati.The length of Swaziland is 200 kilometres that is North to South and the breadth, East West is 130 kilometres- Five languages: Swati, Zulu, Tsonga, Afrikaans and English are spoken in Swaziland.

Tanzania

http://www.tanzania.go.tz/images/katibamuungano.pdf

Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, Afrika ya mashariki zamani ilijulikana kama Tanganyika. Ni nchi ya pekee Afrika na kutumia lugha ya Kiafrika kama lugha ya taifa. Kiswahili Tanzania hutumika kuelemisha. Tanzania kuna lugha 129. Moja ya hizi lugha haina wenyewe leo. Jirani wake magharibi ni Uganda, Rwanda na Burundi. Katika kusini ni Kenya na Uganda na Kaskazini ni Malawi, Mosambiki pamoja na Zambia. Mnamo mwaka wa 1964, jina Tanzania lilianza kutumiwa baada ya nchi kurudi kuungana na Zanzibari. 

http://www.tanzania.go.tz/images/constitutioneng.pdf 

Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, The United Republic of Tanzania, is situated in East Africa, and was formerly known as Tanganyika is the only country of Africa where a loc... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Togo

http://www.africanlegislaturesproject.org/sites/africanlegislaturesproject.org/files/Constitution%20Togo.pdf

http://www.africanlegislaturesproject.org/sites/africanlegislaturesproject.org/files/Constitution%20Togo.pdf

Togo is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The capital of Togo is Lome. The country covers 57,000 square kilometres and has a population of 6.7 million. The country regained freedom in 1960 after colonization by France. The number of languages spoken in Togo is 39.

Tunisia

http://search.babylon.com/?q=constitution+of+Uganda&amp;affID=111808&amp;tt=280612_7_&amp;babsrc=SP_ss&amp;mntrId=3679a0ef000000000000f80f412d5ca9

The country was led by the authoritarian government of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali from 1987 to 2011 before he fled during the Tunisian revolution. This was the first spark of the Arab Spring. It was lit by Mohamoud Bouazizi, a young man who set himself on fire as a result of the many frustrations he was daily enduring trying to make a living. Tunisia as other countries hit by these revolutions is still trying to establish herself afresh. Tunisia which now finds itself as an export-oriented country in the process of liberalizing and privatizing an economy that, while averaging 5% GDP growth since the early 1990s, has suffe... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Uganda

http://www.ugandaembassy.com/Constitution_of_Uganda.pdf

Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom. Winston Churchill, a eugenicist who worked to expand the British Empire referred to it as the "Pearl of Africa" and it is often described so for its wonderful emerald hills, lakes and rivers. Uganda is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo- To the southwest Uganda is bordered by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. Kampala is Uganda’s capital city. Three East African countries, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania share Lake Victoria (or Sango as the local people wanted to name it and which is the source of the Nile. Lake Victoria is the third largest fresh water lake in the world  after Lake Superior and Michigan-Huron. Uganda owns 45% of the Lake, Tanzania 49% and Kenya 6%.... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Western Sahara

http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/171748.pdf

Western Sahara or Saharawi is recognized by some countries only. It remains a disputed territory bordered by Algeria to the north east, Morocco to the North, Mauritania to the east and south and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It has just over 500 000 people and is therefore sparsely populated with a surface area of 266,000 square kilometers-. Western Sahara was colonized by Spain in the 19th Century and in 1975 she became free of Spain but was administered by Morocco and Mauritania. Morocco had formerly claimed the territory. Support for country comes from the five continents but some support Morocco's claims. None of the strong world powers speak clearly enough on the matter and so the situation remains ambiguous.

Zambia

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/cafrad/unpan004847.pdf

The Republic of Zambia, is in Southern Africa. Her neighbors are the Democratic Republic of Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique to the South, and Malawi to the east. Angola lies to the west. On 24th October 1964, the country declared independence from the British who had colonized  and called her Rodhesia after Cecil Rhodes. Letters to My Children is authored by Kenneth Kaunda who was Zambia’s first head of state. He was in power from 1964 to 1991. In 2010, the World Bank named Zambia as one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. Zambia's economy is built on her natural resources which include: minerals such as copper and diamonds. Did the Khoisan people have a way of writing or... (learn more by clicking on the map)

Zimbabwe

Formerly known as Rhodesia Zimbabwe has produced famous works of literature. Dambudzo Marachera, Chenjerai Hove, Tendai Mwanaka, Tsitsti Dangaremba to name but a few. The political situation of Zimbabwe did not daunt the creative people. At a dark time in 2008 the Book Club in Harare still had wonderful readings. There was humor and a sense of community around the book and reading with people of different races. Maktabaa witnessed that. The Harare Bookfair remains outstanding in Africa and in the world.Zimbabwe is a large country and is bordered by Mozambique to the west, South Africa and Botswana to the south and Zambia to the east and Tanzania to the north.